1 Timotius 5:19-20

5:19 Do not accept an accusation against an elder unless it can be confirmed by two or three witnesses. ¹  5:20 Those guilty of sin ²  must be rebuked ³  before all, ⁴  as a warning to the rest. ⁵ 

Imamat 19:32

19:32 You must stand up in the presence of the aged, honor the presence of an elder, and fear your God. I am the Lord.

Ulangan 33:9

33:9 He said to his father and mother, “I have not seen him,” ⁶ 

and he did not acknowledge his own brothers

or know his own children,

for they kept your word,

and guarded your covenant.

Galatia 2:11-14

Paul Rebukes Peter

2:11 But when Cephas ⁷  came to Antioch, ⁸  I opposed him to his face, because he had clearly done wrong. ⁹  2:12 Until ¹⁰  certain people came from James, he had been eating with the Gentiles. But when they arrived, he stopped doing this ¹¹  and separated himself ¹²  because he was afraid of those who were pro-circumcision. ¹³  2:13 And the rest of the Jews also joined with him in this hypocrisy, so that even Barnabas was led astray with them ¹⁴  by their hypocrisy. 2:14 But when I saw that they were not behaving consistently with the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas ¹⁵  in front of them all, “If you, although you are a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you try to force ¹⁶  the Gentiles to live like Jews?”

[5:19]  ¹ sn An allusion to Deut 17:6, 19:15.

[5:20]  ² sn As a continuation of v. 19, this refers to elders who sin, not to sinning believers more generally.

[5:20]  ³ tn Or “censured.” The Greek word implies exposing someone’s sin in order to bring correction.

[5:20]  ⁴ tn “Before all” probably refers to the whole congregation, not just all the elders; “the rest” is more likely to denote the remaining elders.

[5:20]  ⁵ tn Grk “that the rest may have fear.”

[33:9]  ⁶ sn This statement no doubt alludes to the Levites’ destruction of their own fellow tribesmen following the golden calf incident (Exod 32:25-29).

[2:11]  ⁷ sn Cephas. This individual is generally identified with the Apostle Peter (L&N 93.211).

[2:11]  ⁸ map For location see JP1 F2; JP2 F2; JP3 F2; JP4 F2.

[2:11]  ⁹ tn Grk “because he stood condemned.”

[2:12]  ¹⁰ tn The conjunction γάρ has not been translated here.

[2:12]  ¹¹ tn Grk “he drew back.” If ἑαυτόν (Jeauton) goes with both ὑπέστελλεν (Jupestellen) and ἀφώριζεν (afwrizen) rather than only the latter, the meaning would be “he drew himself back” (see BDAG 1041 s.v. ὑποστέλλω 1.a).

[2:12]  ¹² tn Or “and held himself aloof.”

[2:12]  ¹³ tn Grk “the [ones] of the circumcision,” that is, the group of Jewish Christians who insisted on circumcision of Gentiles before they could become Christians.

[2:13]  ¹⁴ tn The words “with them” are a reflection of the σύν- (sun-) prefix on the verb συναπήχθη (sunaphcqh; see L&N 31.76).

[2:14]  ¹⁵ sn Cephas. This individual is generally identified with the Apostle Peter (L&N 93.211).

[2:14]  ¹⁶ tn Here ἀναγκάζεις (anankazei") has been translated as a conative present (see ExSyn 534).